That would require a specific application (connected to Barcode/13 that will read and return barcodes) to perform the information lookup into a proper online database with such information, but this can be done. For example, you can search for EAN #5099750473528 and find the author and album name of this CD:
<html><body><form method="post" action="http://s1.amazon.fr/exec/varzea/sdp/sai-condition"><input type="text" name="sdp-sai-asin" value=""><input type="submit"></form></body></html>
This is just an example for 'human' to test, but if we consider Amazon it would let you retrieve data (including covers) for a CD and Amazon's price. Could be interesting if you're interest in buying a new CD and want to check Amazon's price

In fact Amazon provides a more powerful search feature that would reply for this album...
<ASIN>B000025ELT</ASIN>
<Artist>Jean-Jacques Goldman</Artist>
<ProductGroup>Music</ProductGroup>
<Title>En Passant</Title>
... and you can get the 50x50 cover:
http://images.amazon.com/images/P/B0...8.THUMBZZZ.jpg
Hardware scanners are expensive, releasing an application based on hardware scanners would interest few users.The missing part was a simple and free barcode scanner: that's now possible with Barcode/13, and then we can hope that more developers will be interested by barcode enabled applications.
Cheers, Jean-Francois.